Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by inflammation of the glands that produce moisture, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. The primary symptoms involve dryness of the eyes and mouth, but the condition can also affect other parts of the body.
Key points:
Dry Eyes: Individuals with Sjögren’s syndrome often experience dry eyes, which can lead to a gritty or burning sensation, and increased light sensitivity.
Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva production can result in a dry or sticky mouth. This can cause difficulties swallowing and dental issues.
Other Symptoms: Joint pain and stiffness, fatigue, dry skin, skin rashes, persistent cough, vaginal dryness.
Systemic Involvement: Sjögren’s syndrome can affect organs beyond the eyes and mouth, leading to systemic symptoms. This may involve the lungs, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.
Autoimmune Nature: Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages healthy tissues. It is often associated with other autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
Diagnosis: This uses combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests, and specialized tests to assess saliva and tear production.
Treatment: Artificial tears and lubricating eye drops are to relieve dry eyes. Saliva substitutes are for dry mouth. Medications can stimulate saliva and tear production. Immunosuppressive drugs can help modulate severe immune responses.